INDIA
Population: 1.44B
Election(s): Lok Sabha (House of the People)
Date(s): expected April - May
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.53
EUROPEAN UNION
Population: 448M (total of 27 E.U. member states)
Election(s): European Parliament
Date(s): June 6-9
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.91 (average of 27 E.U. member states)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Population: 341M
Election(s): Presidency, Senate, and House of Representatives
Date(s): Nov. 5
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.83
INDONESIA
Population: 279M
Election(s): Presidency, Regional Representative Council, House of Representatives
Date(s): Feb. 14
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.68
PAKISTAN
Population: 243M
Election(s): National Assembly
Date(s): Feb. 8
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.30
BANGLADESH
Population: 174M
Election(s): National Parliament
Date(s): Jan. 7
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.16
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Population: 144M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): March 15-17
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.25
MEXICO
Population: 129M
Election(s): Presidency, Senate, Chamber of Deputies
Date(s): June 2
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.75
IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
Population: 89.5M
Election(s): Islamic Consultative Assembly, Assembly of Experts
Date(s): March 1
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.32
UNITED KINGDOM
Population: 67.9M
Election(s): House of Commons
Date(s): expected in 2024, required by Jan. 28, 2025
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.93
SOUTH AFRICA
Population: 60.7M
Election(s): National Assembly
Date(s): expected May - August
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.72
REPUBLIC OF KOREA [SOUTH KOREA]
Population: 51.8M
Election(s): National Assembly
Date(s): April 10
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.95
ALGERIA
Population: 46M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): expected in December
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.29
UKRAINE
Population: 37.4M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): scheduled* March 31 (*may not occur due to martial law)
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.57
UZBEKISTAN
Population: 35.4M
Election(s): Legislative Chamber
Date(s): expected in October, due by December
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.33
GHANA
Population: 34.4M
Election(s): Presidency, Parliament
Date(s): Dec. 7
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.62
MOZAMBIQUE
Population: 34.4M
Election(s): Presidency, Assembly of the Republic
Date(s): Oct. 9
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.18
MADAGASCAR
Population: 30.7M
Election(s): National Assembly
Date(s): due by May
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.43
VENEZUELA, BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF
Population: 29.1M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): expected in December
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.11
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA [NORTH KOREA]
Population: 26.2M
Election(s): Supreme People’s Assembly
Date(s): April 10
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.14
TAIWAN
Population: 23.9M
Election(s): Presidency, Legislative Yuan
Date(s): Jan. 13
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.94
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Population: 23.8M
Election(s): People’s Assembly
Date(s): TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.00
MALI
Population: 23.6M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): scheduled for February, junta postponed indefinitely for “technical reasons”
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.00
SRI LANKA
Population: 21.9M
Election(s): Presidency, Parliament
Date(s): TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.76
ROMANIA
Population: 19.7M
Election(s): Presidency, Senate, Chamber of Deputies
Date(s): expected November - December
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.86
CHAD
Population: 18.6M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): expected in October
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.00
SENEGAL
Population: 18.0M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): Feb. 25
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.75
CAMBODIA
Population: 17.0M
Election(s): Senate
Date(s): Feb. 25
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.14
RWANDA
Population: 14.3M
Election(s): Presidency, Chamber of Deputies
Date(s): July 15
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.37
TUNISIA
Population: 12.5M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): expected in fall
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.02
BELGIUM
Population: 11.7M
Election(s): Chamber of Representatives
Date(s): June 9
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.97
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Population: 11.4M
Election(s): Presidency, Senate, Chamber of Deputies
Date(s): May 19
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.63
JORDAN
Population: 11.4M
Election(s): House of Representatives
Date(s): expected in November
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.49
SOUTH SUDAN
Population: 11.2M
Election(s): Presidency, National Legislature
Date(s): expected in December
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.00
CZECHIA [CZECH REPUBLIC]
Population: 10.5M
Election(s): Senate
Date(s): TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.95
AZERBAIJAN
Population: 10.4M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): Feb. 7
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.08
PORTUGAL
Population: 10.2M
Election(s): Assembly of the Republic
Date(s): March 10
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.95
BELARUS
Population: 9.5M
Election(s): Chamber of Representatives
Date(s): Feb. 25
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.14
TOGO
Population: 9.2M
Election(s): National Assembly
Date(s): expected in early 2024
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.40
AUSTRIA
Population: 9.0M
Election(s): National Council
Date(s): expected on Sept. 29
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.93
EL SALVADOR
Population: 6.4M
Election(s): Presidency, Legislative Assembly
Date(s): Feb. 4
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.35
SLOVAKIA
Population: 5.7M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.93
FINLAND
Population: 5.5M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): Jan. 28
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.96
MAURITANIA
Population: 4.9M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): June 22
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.42
PANAMA
Population: 4.5M
Election(s): Presidency, National Assembly
Date(s): May 5
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.86
CROATIA
Population: 4.0M
Election(s): Presidency, Parliament
Date(s): presidential election expected in December; date of parliamentary elections TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.92
GEORGIA
Population: 3.7M
Election(s): Presidency, Parliament
Date(s): parliamentary elections on Oct. 26; date of presidential election TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.59
MONGOLIA
Population: 3.5M
Election(s): State Great Khural
Date(s): expected in June
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.65
URUGUAY
Population: 3.4M
Election(s): Presidency, Senate, Chamber of Representatives
Date(s): Oct. 27
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.93
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Population: 3.4M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): expected in November
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.82
LITHUANIA
Population: 2.7M
Election(s): Presidency, Seimas
Date(s): presidential election on May 12; parliamentary elections on Oct. 13
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.89
BOTSWANA
Population: 2.7M
Election(s): National Assembly
Date(s): expected in October
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.58
NAMIBIA
Population: 2.6M
Election(s): Presidency, National Assembly
Date(s): TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.65
GUINEA BISSAU
Population: 2.2M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.23
NORTH MACEDONIA
Population: 2.1M
Election(s): Presidency, Assembly
Date(s): presidential election on April 24; parliamentary elections on May 8
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.60
MAURITIUS
Population: 1.3M
Election(s): National Assembly
Date(s): TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.57
COMOROS
Population: 0.86M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): Jan. 14
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.07
BHUTAN
Population: 0.79M
Election(s): National Assembly
Date(s): Jan. 9
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.85
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Population: 0.75M
Election(s): National Parliament
Date(s): expected in April
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.63
MALDIVES
Population: 0.52M
Election(s): People’s Majlis
Date(s): expected March - May
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.66
ICELAND
Population: 0.38M
Election(s): Presidency
Date(s): June 1
Freedom and Fairness Score: 0.89
KIRIBATI
Population: 0.14M
Election(s): Presidency, House of Assembly
Date(s): TBD
Freedom and Fairness Score: not available
SAN MARINO
Population: 0.03M
Election(s): Grand and General Council
Date(s): expected in December
Freedom and Fairness Score: NA
PALAU
Population: 0.02M
Election(s): Presidency, Senate, House of Delegates
Date(s): Nov. 12
Freedom and Fairness Score: NA
TUVALU
Population: 0.01M
Election(s): Parliament
Date(s): Jan. 26
Freedom and Fairness Score: NA
These are all the elections that are scheduled or expected to take place in 2024—compiled from information by the National Democratic Institute, the International Foundation for Electoral Systems, and Anchor Change, among other sources, and ordered by population according to projections by the United Nations. (Dates are subject to change.) We give credits to Time and Our World in Data (https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/free-and-fair-elections-index) and Swedish think tank Variety of Democracy https://v-dem.net for the work and we will continue to update the site with information as we get.